{"id":22129195,"date":"2024-04-04T21:02:32","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T03:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/usustatesman.com\/?p=22129195"},"modified":"2024-04-04T21:02:32","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T03:02:32","slug":"cache-valley-agriculture-causes-air-pollution-experts-speak-on-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/usustatesman.com\/cache-valley-agriculture-causes-air-pollution-experts-speak-on-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Cache Valley agriculture causes air pollution, experts speak on solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On some days, someone looking over Cache Valley from above would see a gray cloud of smog covering the area.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">More than just morning or evening fog, these polluted air masses significantly reduce air quality. But Logan is not a bustling metropolis, so where is the pollution problem is coming from?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Randy Martin, an environmental professor at USU and an expert in air quality, has been researching levels of air pollution in the valley for years.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Inversion, the trapping of cooler air below warmer air, is a phenomenon that contributes heavily to air pollution, and one that Cache Valley falls victim to.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cIt is a meteorological phenomenon that has absolutely nothing to do with air pollution by itself,\u201d Martin said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Martin said when warm air gets trapped, it prevents vertical mixing, which in turn traps the pollution near the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, the amount of pollution that Cache Valley inversion captures and holds is due to the bathtub-like shape of the valley itself. The valley has no open areas for the pollution to leak out of.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThe inversion is basically putting a cap on our bathtub that Cache Valley is,\u201d Martin said. \u201cAll of those pollution sources that are then in the valley contribute to our air pollution problem.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, the main pollutant trapped is PM2.5, or fine particulate matter.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cPM2.5 by definition is a continuum of particle sizes less than or equal to 2.5 in diameter, and the reason that\u2019s important is because that\u2019s kind of the magic number that you can breathe into your respiratory system,\u201d Martin said. \u201cIt is a very effective size at causing health problems.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, there is a specific kind of PM2.5 that Cache Valley tends to produce and trap the most of: ammonium nitrate.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe are what we call ammonia-rich,\u201d Martin said. \u201cWe have more ammonia in our atmosphere than anywhere else in the country.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This excess ammonia is not natural. According to Martin, Cache Valley\u2019s fervent agricultural industry is one of the largest producers of ammonia.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cIt\u2019s not that we have more ammonia being emitted, but because we live in this valley, we trap it here,\u201d Martin said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kelsey Hall, a USU Extension specialist and associate professor of agricultural communications, has extensive educational and professional background within the field of agriculture.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cFor Cache County, I would focus on the ammonia-based air pollution that often comes from the agriculture industry and from transportation,\u201d Hall said.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Hall, ammonia is also produced naturally by the biological waste of animals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cIf you have ammonia in the atmosphere, and nitric acid in the atmosphere, they will grab onto each other and form ammonium nitrate,\u201d Martin said. \u201cIf you\u2019re going to try to control your PM2.5, you have to look at the nitric acid side, so where does the nitric acid come from?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, nitric acid is a combination of oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons, or volatile organic compounds. These chemicals are produced by combustion and transportation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThat\u2019s why we have inspection maintenance programs on your automobiles,\u201d Martin said. \u201cThat\u2019s why we have regulations on what kind of solvents auto body paint shops can use.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cache Valley has been working towards reducing ammonia, nitric acid and other pollutants by using forms of regulation and education, both on an industry level and an individual level.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are efforts to control emissions from agricultural industries specifically.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThere&#8217;s things we can do on the management side of things, and there are things we can do on the feed side of things,\u201d Martin said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, one thing agricultural producers can do to reduce their ammonia production is to reduce the amount of protein in their livestock\u2019s diet and manage their manure.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Hall, USU Extension is working with and educating farmers in the area about good agricultural practices that reduce emissions. These practices include cover cropping, feed management for livestock and management and application of organic fertilizers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThinking about nutrient conservation \u2014 reducing fertilizer use \u2014 we have better technology that&#8217;s helping to know how much to apply and where to apply it to our soil,\u201d Hall said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Hall, furthering education and understanding these alternative agricultural practices can reduce emissions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Successful sustainable agriculture is happening elsewhere too, through the application of good agricultural practices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Temis Taylor is an AmeriCorps program coordinator with the Utah Conservation Corps, an organization that focuses on environmental education projects.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The UCC works with some organic farms within Cache Valley, such as the USU Student Organic Farm and the Urban Community farm. They aim to run their farms using sustainable practices.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Taylor, cover cropping and integration of animals into farms to help reduce pests limits the need for fertilizer, another contributor to air pollution.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe&#8217;re intercropping, and we&#8217;re rotating things so that we don\u2019t have to spray,\u201d Taylor said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are other initiatives in the valley that urge individuals to be aware of their own pollution emissions, especially relating to transportation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe have seen initiatives for improving bicycles in our valley and trying to have bicycle lanes, and also educating people about using bicycles for transportation,\u201d Hall said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Public transportation is an alternative to driving that can also aid in reducing emissions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cI know that we\u2019ve made progress on our bus system, and that they\u2019ve done a lot to improve the motors in the buses and try to bring down that air pollution,\u201d Hall said.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Martin, the efforts have not been in vain.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe know what we have to do, and we\u2019ve done a pretty good job,\u201d Martin said. \u201cHere in Cache Valley, we don\u2019t see nearly as high levels of emissions as we did in the early 2000s.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Martin said the work towards improving Cache Valley&#8217;s air quality is a community effort.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cEverybody\u2019s got be a part of the solution,\u201d Martin said.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On some days, someone looking over Cache Valley from above would see a gray cloud of smog covering the area.\u00a0\u00a0&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":900012,"featured_media":22129196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7377],"tags":[1615,16105,1864,16103,15278,3896,16104,16106],"class_list":["post-22129195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highlander","tag-agriculture","tag-air-pollution","tag-air-quality","tag-cache-valley-inversion","tag-cow","tag-inversion","tag-pm2-5","tag-vertical-air-mixing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - 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